The second class of the hierarchy were the fudai, or "house daimyo", rewarded with lands close to the Tokugawa holdings for their faithful service.
The shinpan held mostly honorary titles and advisory posts in the bakufu. They were twenty-three daimyo on the borders of Tokugawa lands, all directly related to Ieyasu. Closest to the Tokugawa house were the shinpan, or "related houses". The feudal hierarchy was completed by the various classes of daimyo. The Tokugawa became more powerful during their first century of rule: land redistribution gave them nearly seven million koku, control of the most important cities, and a land assessment system reaping great revenues. This represented a new unity in the feudal structure, which featured an increasingly large bureaucracy to administer the mixture of centralized and decentralized authorities. In the bakuhan, the shōgun had national authority and the daimyo had regional authority. The political system evolved into what historians call bakuhan, a combination of the terms bakufu and han (domains) to describe the government and society of the period. The Tokugawa (or Edo) period brought 250 years of stability to Japan. In 1615, the Tokugawa army destroyed the Toyotomi stronghold at Osaka. The Toyotomi were still a significant threat, and Ieyasu devoted the next decade to their eradication. After further strengthening his power base, Ieyasu installed his son Hidetada (1579–1632) as shōgun and himself as retired shōgun in 1605. Ieyasu still failed to achieve complete control of the western daimyo, but his assumption of the title of shōgun helped consolidate the alliance system. He rapidly abolished numerous enemy daimyo houses, reduced others, such as that of the Toyotomi, and redistributed the spoils of war to his family and allies. Ieyasu's victory over the western daimyo at the Battle of Sekigahara (October 21, 1600, or in the Japanese calendar on the 15th day of the ninth month of the fifth year of the Keichō era) gave him control of all Japan. After Hideyoshi's death, Ieyasu moved quickly to seize control from the Toyotomi clan. He maintained two million koku of land, a new headquarters at Edo, a strategically situated castle town (the future Tokyo), and also had an additional two million koku of land and thirty-eight vassals under his control. Already a powerful daimyo (feudal lord), Ieyasu profited by his transfer to the rich Kantō area. Instrumental in the rise of the new bakufu was Tokugawa Ieyasu, the main beneficiary of the achievements of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Reischauer called a "centralized feudal" form of shogunate. Tokugawa Ieyasu, first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunateĪ revolution took place from the time of the Kamakura shogunate, which existed with the Tennō's court, to the Tokugawa, when the samurai became the unchallenged rulers in what historian Edwin O.
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